that homosexuality is not a separate entity but a question of degree. Over the population as a whole there is an imperceptible gradation from wholly homosexual to wholly heterosexual", yet he goes on to say that he will concern himself only with those men who have strong tendencies "towards this abnormality". We do not believe it is the intention of the author to infer that all men are abnormal and must conclude, therefore, that the implied contradiction rises from a fear of implicating the multitude.

This is even more noticeable in the use, throughout the book of the word 'cure'. Can any abnormality be cured? Or is Mr. Westwood more concerned with daily behavior than he is with sexual activity? This appears to be the case, and perhaps this is as it should be. As he writes, concerning a case reported by Liebman, "One of his patients suffered from transvestism, psychosis and homosexuality. Electro-shock treatment cured the first two but had no effect on the patient's homosexual tendencies except that he is now more mindful of social conventions it seems unlikely that this mental disorder . . . can be cured by shock treatment or brain surgery". This is a theme that appears and reappears whether Mr. Westwood is discussing the origins of homosexuality in the individual, the social life of the homosexual or the uses of the law and its effectiveness.

On the law (in Britain today) Mr.

one

Westwood takes a firm stand: it is unreal, bigoted and a source of unending reward to the blackmailer. It is certainly no surprise to rediscover the Anglo-Saxon tendencies to legislate morals and ideals: actuality seems to be as far from the minds of the law-makers as one pole from another. The statutes appearing on either side of the Atlantic are consistent only with each other: the sexual conducts outlined in the law books make, on their face, criminals of almost every man and woman functioning normally. It is, in a larger sense, the story of Susannah and the Elders once again.

Of course, certain anomalies exist: the laws against the homosexuals in England apply only to the male homosexual. This may be one of the factors that has conditioned Mr. Westwood (although we do not know if he is or is not homosexual. further, we refuse to write with an air presumptive) against a discussion of the Lesbian. Mentioning the more readily accepted show of affection between women, he writes, "The social implications of Lesbianism differ in many ways from the problems of homosexuality between men and no attempt can be made to deal with them in this book". But this is too simple a way out: certainly implications differ; undoubtedly even the fact may be at variance, but a certain amount of discussion is called for and, in fact, needed if only to state an attitude that is in existence. The antipathies that are

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